An Investigation of the Knowledge and Perception of Cervical Cancer Screening Among Women in Kebbi State
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Background of the Study
Cervical cancer remains a significant public health issue worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries where the incidence and mortality rates are disproportionately high (WHO, 2023). In Nigeria, cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women, with a high rate of preventable deaths due to the lack of widespread screening and early detection programs (Adebayo et al., 2024). Kebbi State, located in the northwestern region of Nigeria, has been grappling with limited access to healthcare, low awareness of cancer prevention strategies, and cultural barriers that prevent women from seeking early medical attention (Abubakar et al., 2023).
Cervical cancer is primarily caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), and screening for this disease, particularly through Pap smears or HPV testing, is crucial for early detection and prevention (Adamu & Shuaibu, 2023). However, despite the availability of such screening methods, studies have shown that many women in Kebbi State and other rural areas of Nigeria are either unaware of cervical cancer or have misconceptions about the screening process (Suleiman et al., 2024). These gaps in knowledge, compounded by the fear of invasive procedures and lack of access to healthcare facilities, contribute to the low uptake of cervical cancer screening in the state (Akinyemi et al., 2023).
This study aims to investigate the level of knowledge and perception of cervical cancer screening among women in Kebbi State. It will assess the factors that influence their awareness, attitudes, and behaviors regarding the screening process, with the ultimate goal of identifying ways to improve cervical cancer prevention through education and intervention programs.
Statement of the Problem
Despite the availability of cervical cancer screening programs in Nigeria, many women in Kebbi State remain unaware of the importance of screening or have negative perceptions about the procedures. This lack of awareness and the prevalence of misconceptions have contributed to the low uptake of screening services, which increases the risk of late-stage cervical cancer diagnosis and higher mortality rates (Akinyemi et al., 2023). Research on women's knowledge and perceptions of cervical cancer screening in Kebbi State is limited, making it difficult to design effective interventions that address these barriers.
The problem is compounded by socio-cultural factors such as stigma, fear, and limited access to healthcare resources, which hinder women from seeking timely medical intervention. Therefore, this study seeks to explore the knowledge, perceptions, and factors influencing cervical cancer screening among women in Kebbi State to inform public health strategies aimed at reducing the burden of cervical cancer.
Objectives of the Study
1. To assess the level of knowledge about cervical cancer and its screening methods among women in Kebbi State.
2. To examine the perceptions of women in Kebbi State regarding the safety and effectiveness of cervical cancer screening.
3. To identify the barriers preventing women in Kebbi State from participating in cervical cancer screening programs.
Research Questions
1. What is the level of knowledge about cervical cancer and screening methods among women in Kebbi State?
2. What are the perceptions of women in Kebbi State regarding cervical cancer screening?
3. What factors influence the participation of women in Kebbi State in cervical cancer screening programs?
Research Hypotheses
1. There is a significant relationship between the level of education and knowledge of cervical cancer screening among women in Kebbi State.
2. Negative perceptions of cervical cancer screening are negatively associated with the likelihood of women participating in screening programs in Kebbi State.
3. Socio-cultural factors such as fear, stigma, and access to healthcare significantly influence women's decisions to undergo cervical cancer screening in Kebbi State.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on the knowledge and perception of cervical cancer screening among women in Kebbi State, Nigeria. The study will not extend to other forms of cancer or health conditions. Limitations include the potential bias in self-reported data and the difficulty of reaching women in remote areas where healthcare access is limited.
Definition of Terms
• Cervical Cancer Screening: Medical tests, such as Pap smears or HPV testing, that detect early signs of cervical cancer before symptoms appear.
• Perception: The way individuals view and interpret the safety, benefits, and risks of cervical cancer screening.
• Knowledge: The understanding of the causes, prevention methods, and available treatments for cervical cancer.
• Barriers: Obstacles or challenges that prevent women from seeking or participating in cervical cancer screening, including social, cultural, and financial factors.
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